1. The lumped element concept allowed for element simplification and circuit modularization. 2. There is a limit to the applicability of this lumped element model. 3. Filters made from discrete components are sometimes called lumped element filters to distinguish them. 4. Two systems have analog structures ( see illustration ) if they are lumped elements . 5. A well developed theory exists for synthesising lumped element circuits from a given frequency function. 6. Stubs are a kind of resonator, and the lumped element equivalent is an LC resonant circuit. 7. In this periodic structure, the loading is strong such that the lumped elements dominate the propagation characteristics. 8. However, the waveguide design may frequently be equivalent ( or approximately so ) to a lumped element design. 9. Another condition required of electrical systems for the application of the lumped element model is that no significant parasitics. 10. This is not a safe assumption for high-frequency AC circuits, where the lumped element model is no longer applicable.
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